Duval County Esol Program In Maryland

Predominantly; is spoken by a sizable minority Floridian, Floridan Area • Total 65,755 sq mi (170,304 km 2) • Width 361 miles (582 km) • Length 447 miles (721 km) •% water 17.9 • Latitude 24° 27' N to 31° 00' N • Longitude 80° 02' W to 87° 38' W Population • Total 20,612,439 (2016 est.) • 384.3/sq mi (121.0/km 2) • $48,825 (41st) • Highest point 345 ft (105 m) • Mean 100 ft (30 m) • Lowest point Atlantic Ocean sea level Before statehood March 3, 1845 (27th) () (R) • • () (R) 16 Republicans, 11 Democrats () • Peninsula and ' region: / • west of the: / Abbreviations, Website. Released in 2004 Florida ( ) (Spanish for 'land of flowers') is the southernmost in the of the. The state is bordered to the west by the and, to the north by Alabama and, to the east by the, and to the south by the. Florida is the, the, and the of the U.S. Is the in the state and the largest city by area in the (due to the consolidation of Jacksonville with ). The is Florida's.

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Is the state's capital. About two-thirds of Florida occupies a peninsula between the and the. Florida has the in the, approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), not including the contribution of the many. It is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by soil. Florida has the of any U.S. The climate varies from in the north to in the south.

The,,, and can be found in in the southern part of the state. Along with, Florida is one of only two states that has a tropical climate, and is the only continental U.S. State with a tropical climate. Since the first European contact was made in 1513 by Spanish explorer – who named it La Florida ( 'land of flowers') upon landing there in the, – Florida was a challenge for the European before it gained statehood in the United States in 1845. It was a principal location of the against the, and racial segregation after the. Today, Florida is distinctive for its large expatriate community and high population growth, as well as for its increasing environmental issues.

The state's economy relies mainly on tourism, agriculture, and, which developed in the late 19th century. Florida is also renowned for, orange crops, winter vegetables, the, and as a popular destination for retirees. Is a reflection of influences and multiple inheritance;,,, and heritages can be found in the architecture and cuisine.

Florida has attracted many writers such as, and, and continues to attract celebrities and athletes. It is internationally known for golf, tennis, auto racing and. See also:,, and Defense of Florida's northern border with the United States was minor during the second Spanish period. The region became a haven for escaped slaves and a base for Indian attacks against U.S. Territories, and the U.S. Pressed Spain for reform.

Americans of and Americans of began moving into northern Florida from the backwoods of and. Though technically not allowed by the Spanish authorities and the Floridan government, they were never able to effectively police the border region and the backwoods settlers from the United States would continue to immigrate into Florida unchecked. These migrants, mixing with the already present British settlers who had remained in Florida since the British period, would be the progenitors of the population known as. These American settlers established a permanent foothold in the area and ignored Spanish authorities. The British settlers who had remained also resented Spanish rule, leading to a rebellion in 1810 and the establishment for ninety days of the so-called Free and Independent Republic of on September 23. After meetings beginning in June, rebels overcame the garrison at (now in ), and unfurled the flag of the new republic: a single white star on a blue field.

This flag would later become known as the '. In 1810, parts of West Florida were annexed by proclamation of President, who claimed the region as part of the.

These parts were incorporated into the newly formed. Annexed the Mobile District of West Florida to the in 1812. Spain continued to dispute the area, though the United States gradually increased the area it occupied.

In 1812, a group of settlers from Georgia, with de facto support from the U.S. Federal government, attempted to overthrow the Floridan government in the province of East Florida. The settlers hoped to convince Floridans to join their cause and proclaim independence from Spain, but the settlers lost their tenuous support from the federal government and abandoned their cause by 1813. Based in began raiding Georgia settlements, and offering havens for runaway slaves.

The led increasingly frequent incursions into Spanish territory, including the 1817–1818 campaign against the Seminole Indians by that became known as the. The United States now effectively controlled East Florida. Control was necessary according to Secretary of State because Florida had become 'a derelict open to the occupancy of every enemy, civilized or savage, of the United States, and serving no other earthly purpose than as a post of annoyance to them.' Florida had become a burden to Spain, which could not afford to send settlers or garrisons. Madrid therefore decided to cede the territory to the United States through the, which took effect in 1821.

President was authorized on March 3, 1821 to take possession of and for the United States and provide for initial governance., on behalf of the U.S. Federal government, served as a military commissioner with the powers of governor of the newly acquired territory for a brief period.

On March 30, 1822, the U.S. Congress merged and part of into the. A contemporaneous depiction of the New River Massacre in 1836 By the early 1800s, was a significant issue throughout the southeastern U.S.

And also in Florida. In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed the and as settlement increased, pressure grew on the United States government to remove the Indians from Florida. Seminoles harbored runaway blacks, known as the, and clashes between whites and Indians grew with the influx of new settlers. In 1832, the promised to the Seminoles lands west of the Mississippi River if they agreed to leave Florida. Many Seminole left at this time. Some Seminoles remained, and the U.S.

Army arrived in Florida, leading to the (1835–1842). Following the war, approximately 3,000 Seminole and 800 Black Seminole were removed to. A few hundred Seminole remained in Florida in the. A cowboy, 19th century.

On March 3, 1845, Florida became the 27th state to join the United States of America. The state was admitted as a and ceased to be a sanctuary for runaway slaves.

Initially its population grew slowly. As European settlers continued to encroach on Seminole lands, and the United States intervened to move the remaining Seminoles to the West. The (1855–58) resulted in the of most of the remaining Seminoles, although hundreds of Seminole Indians remained in the Everglades. Slavery, war, and disenfranchisement. The during the, 1864.

American settlers began to establish cotton in north Florida, which required numerous laborers, which they supplied by buying slaves in the domestic market. By 1860, Florida had only 140,424 people, of whom 44% were enslaved. There were fewer than 1,000 free before the American Civil War. In January 10, 1861, nearly all delegates in the Florida Legislature approved an ordinance of secession, declaring Florida to be 'a sovereign and independent nation'—an apparent reassertion to the preamble in Florida's Constitution of 1838, in which Florida agreed with Congress to be a 'Free and Independent State.'

Although not directly related to the issue of slavery, the ordinance declared Florida's secession from the, allowing it to become one of the founding members of the, a looser union of states. The confederal union received little help from Florida; the 15,000 men it offered were generally sent elsewhere. The largest engagements in the state were the, on February 20, 1864, and the, on March 6, 1865. Both were Confederate victories. The war ended in 1865. Following the American Civil War, Florida's representation was restored on June 25, 1868, albeit forcefully after and the installation of unelected government officials under the final authority of federal military commanders.

After the period ended in 1876, white Democrats regained power in the state legislature. In 1885 they created a new constitution, followed by statutes through 1889 that most blacks and many poor whites.

[ ] Until the mid-20th century, Florida was the least populous Southern state. In 1900, its population was only 528,542, of whom nearly 44% were African American, the same proportion as before the Civil War.

The devastated cotton crops. Forty thousand blacks, roughly one-fifth of their 1900 population, left the state in the. They left due to lynchings and racial violence, and for better opportunities. Disfranchisement for most African Americans in the state persisted until the of the 1960s gained federal legislation in 1965 to enforce protection of their constitutional suffrage.

20th-century growth Historically, Florida's economy has been based primarily upon agricultural products such as cattle, sugar cane, citrus fruits, tomatoes, and strawberries. Economic prosperity in the 1920s stimulated tourism to Florida and related development of hotels and resort communities. Combined with its sudden elevation in profile was the, which brought a brief period of intense land development. Devastating hurricanes in and, followed by the, brought that period to a halt. Florida's economy did not fully recover until the military buildup for. In 1939, Florida was described as 'still very largely an empty State.' Subsequently, the growing availability of, the climate, and a low cost of living made the state a haven.

Migration from the and the Northeast sharply increased Florida's population after 1945. In recent decades, more migrants have come for the jobs in a developing economy. With a population of more than 18 million according to the 2010 census, Florida is the most populous state in the southeastern United States and the fourth-most populous in the United States. See also: and Much of the state of Florida is situated on a peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean and the. Spanning two, it extends to the northwest into a, extending along the northern Gulf of Mexico.

It is bordered on the north by the states of and, and on the west, at the end of the panhandle, by Alabama. It is the only state that borders both the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. Florida is west of and 90 miles (140 km) north of.

Florida is one of the largest states east of the, and only and are larger in water area. The water boundary is 3 nautical miles (3.5 mi; 5.6 km) offshore in the Atlantic Ocean and 9 nautical miles (10 mi; 17 km) offshore in the Gulf of Mexico. Florida and its relation to and. At 345 feet (105 m), is the highest point in Florida and the lowest highpoint of any U.S.

Much of the state south of lies at a lower elevation than northern Florida, and is fairly level. Much of the state is at or near sea level. However, some places such as have that rise 50 to 100 ft (15 to 30 m) above the water. Much of Central and North Florida, typically 25 mi (40 km) or more away from the coastline, have rolling hills with elevations ranging from 100 to 250 ft (30 to 76 m). The highest point in peninsular Florida (east and south of the ),, is a 312-foot (95 m) peak in. On average, Florida is the flattest state in the United States.

Florida is host to many types of wildlife including: • Marine mammals:,,, • Mammals:,, mink,,, raccoon, striped skunk, squirrel,,, bobcats,, coyote, wild boar,,, • Reptiles: and,, and, and. In 2012, there were about one million and 1,500. • Birds:,,,,, and,, and,, (state ), and others. One subspecies of wild turkey,, namely subspecies osceola, is found only in Florida. The state is a wintering location for many species of eastern North American birds.

• As a result of, there have been small numbers of several new species normally native to cooler areas to the north:,,, and. These have been seen in the northern part of the state.

• Invertebrates:, termites,,, the butterfly, and the. The only known calving area for the is off the coasts of Florida and Georgia. The population has risen from a historic low of 300 in the 1970s, to 3,000 in 2011. Since their accidental importation from South America into North America in the 1930s, the population has increased its territorial range to include most of the southern United States, including Florida. They are more aggressive than most native ant species and have a painful sting. A number of non-native snakes and lizards have been released in the wild.

In 2010 the state created a hunting season for and,,, and. Have also established a firm population in the southern part of the state. There are about 500,000 in Florida. Main article: Florida is a low per capita energy user. It is estimated that approximately 4% of energy in the state is generated through renewable resources. Florida's energy production is 6% of the nation's total energy output, while total production of pollutants is lower, with figures of 6% for, 5% for, and 4% for. All potable water resources have been controlled by the state government through five regional water authorities since 1972.

Has been an issue on the southwest coast of Florida, as well as other areas. While there has been a great deal of conjecture over the cause of the toxic algae bloom, there is no evidence that it is being caused by pollution or that there has been an increase in the duration or frequency of red tides. The is close to extinction.

A record 23 were killed in 2009 predominately by automobile collisions, leaving about 100 individuals in the wild. The and others have therefore called for a special for the panther to be established. Are also dying at a rate higher than their reproduction. Much of Florida has an elevation of less than 12 feet (3.7 m), including many populated areas. Therefore, it is susceptible to associated with. The Atlantic beaches that are vital to the state's economy are being washed out to sea due to rising sea levels caused by climate change.

The Miami beach area, close to the continental shelf, is running out of accessible offshore sand reserves. Main article: The Florida peninsula is a porous of sitting atop known as the. The largest deposits of in the United States are found in Florida. Extended systems of underwater caves, and are found throughout the state and supply most of the water used by residents. The limestone is topped with soils deposited as ancient beaches over millions of years as global sea levels rose and fell.

During the, lower sea levels and a drier climate revealed a much wider peninsula, largely. The, an enormously wide, slow-flowing river encompasses the southern tip of the peninsula. Sinkhole damage claims on property in the state exceeded a total of $2 billion from 2006 through 2010. Florida is tied for last place as having the fewest earthquakes of any U.S.

Earthquakes are rare because Florida is not located near any boundaries. Tom Clancy End War Pc Demo Download here. Florida's population density Population Historical population Census Pop.%± 34,730 — 54,477 56.9% 87,445 60.5% 140,424 60.6% 187,748 33.7% 269,493 43.5% 391,422 45.2% 528,542 35.0% 752,619 42.4% 968,470 28.7% 1,468,211 51.6% 1,897,414 29.2% 2,771,305 46.1% 4,951,560 78.7% 6,789,443 37.1% 9,746,324 43.6% 12,937,926 32.7% 15,982,378 23.5% 18,801,310 17.6% Est. 2016 20,612,439 9.6% Sources: 1910–2010 2016 Estimate The estimates that the population of Florida was 20,271,272 on July 1, 2015, a 7.82% increase since the. The population of Florida in the 2010 census was 18,801,310. Florida was the seventh fastest-growing state in the U.S. In the 12-month period ending July 1, 2012. In 2010, the of Florida was located between and.

The center of population has moved less than 5 miles (8 km) to the east and approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) to the north between 1980 and 2010 and has been located in since the. The population exceeded 19.7 million by December 2014, surpassing the population of the state of for the first time. Florida contains the highest percentage of people over 65 (17%).

There were 186,102 military retirees living in the state in 2008. About two-thirds of the population was born in another state, the second highest in the U.S. In 2010, constituted an estimated 5.7% of the population. This was the sixth highest percentage of any U.S. There were an estimated 675,000 illegal immigrants in the state in 2010.

A 2013 Gallup poll indicated that 47% of the residents agreed that Florida was the best state to live in. Results in other states ranged from a low of 18% to a high of 77%. Predominant ancestry in Florida in 2010 Florida racial breakdown Racial composition 1970 1990 2000 2010 2013 84.2% 83.1% 78.0% 75.0% 78.1% 15.3% 13.6% 14.6% 16.0% 16.7% 0.2% 1.2% 1.7% 2.4% 2.7% 0.1% 0.3% 0.3% 0.4% 0.5% 0.1% 1.8% 3.0% 3.6% – – – 2.3% 2.5% 1.9% 77.9% 73.2% 65.4% 57.9% 56.4% (of any race) 6.6% 12.2% 16.8% 22.5% 23.6% of any race made up 22.5% of the population in 2010.

As of 2011, 57% of Florida's population younger than age 1 were minorities (meaning that they had at least one parent who was not non-Hispanic white). In 2010, 6.9% of the population (1,269,765) considered themselves to be of only ancestry (regardless of race or ethnicity). Many of these were of English or descent; however, their families have lived in the state for so long, that they choose to identify as having 'American' ancestry or do not know their ancestry. In the 1980 the largest ancestry group reported in Florida was English with 2,232,514 Floridians claiming that they were of English or mostly ancestry.

Some of their ancestry went back to the original. As of 2010, those of (non-Hispanic white) European ancestry accounted for 57.9% of Florida's population.

Out of the 57.9%, the largest groups were 12.0% (2,212,391), 10.7% (1,979,058), 8.8% (1,629,832), 6.6% (1,215,242), 2.8% (511,229), and 2.7% (504,641). Of all European backgrounds are present in all areas of the state.

In 1970, non-Hispanic whites were nearly 80% of Florida's population. Those of and ancestry are present in large numbers in all the urban/suburban areas across the state.

Some native white Floridians, especially those who have descended from long-time Florida families, may refer to themselves as '; others see the term as a derogatory one. Like whites in most of the other Southern states, they descend mainly from English and settlers, as well as some other settlers. Men playing dominoes in 's. In 2010, Cubans made up 34.4% of Miami's population and 6.5% of Florida's. As of 2010, those of Hispanic or Latino ancestry accounted for 22.5% (4,223,806) of Florida's population. Out of the 22.5%, the largest groups were 6.5% (1,213,438), 4.5% (847,550), 3.3% (629,718), and 1.6% (300,414). Florida's population includes large communities of in Miami and Tampa, in Orlando and Tampa, and Mexican/Central American migrant workers.

The Hispanic community continues to grow more affluent and mobile. As of 2011, 57.0% of Florida's children under the age of 1 belonged to minority groups. Florida has a large and diverse Hispanic population, with Cubans and Puerto Ricans being the largest groups in the state. Nearly 80% of Cuban Americans live in Florida, especially South Florida where there is a long-standing and affluent Cuban community.

Florida has the second largest Puerto Rican population after New York, as well as the fastest-growing in the nation. Puerto Ricans are more widespread throughout the state, though the heaviest concentrations are in the Orlando area of Central Florida. As of 2010, those of African ancestry accounted for 16.0% of Florida's population, which includes. Out of the 16.0%, 4.0% (741,879) were. During the early 1900s, made up nearly half of the state's population. In response to segregation, disfranchisement and agricultural depression, many African Americans migrated from Florida to northern cities in the, in waves from 1910 to 1940, and again starting in the later 1940s.

They moved for jobs, better education for their children and the chance to vote and participate in society. By 1960 the proportion of African Americans in the state had declined to 18%. Conversely large numbers of northern moved to the state. [ ] Today, large concentrations of black residents can be found in northern and central Florida. Aside from blacks descended from African slaves brought to the US south, there are also large numbers of blacks of,, and immigrant origins, especially in the Miami/South Florida area. In 2016, Florida had the highest percentage of West Indians in the United States at 4.5%, with 2.3% (483,874) from ancestry, 1.5% (303,527), and 0.2% (31,966), with the other West Indian groups making up the rest.

As of 2010, those of Asian ancestry accounted for 2.4% of Florida's population. See also:, and In 1988 English was affirmed as the state's in the.

Spanish is also widely spoken, especially as immigration has continued from Latin America. Twenty percent of the population speak Spanish as their first language.

Twenty-seven percent of Florida's population reports speaking a other than English, and more than 200 first languages other than English are spoken at home in the state. The most common languages spoken in Florida as a first language in 2010 are: • 73% — English • 20% — Spanish • 2% — Haitian Creole • Other languages comprise less than 1% spoken by the state's population Religion.

Is the largest single religious denomination in the state. The 2014 Pew Religious Landscape Survey showed the religious makeup of the state was as follows: In 2010, the three largest denominational groups in Florida were the, the, and the. Florida is mostly, but is the single largest denomination in the state, due in significant part to the state's large Hispanic population. There is also a sizable community, located mainly in; this is the largest Jewish population in the and the third-largest in the U.S. Behind those of New York and California. Buildings The basic structure, duties, function, and operations of the government of the state of Florida are defined and established by the, which establishes the basic law of the state and guarantees various rights and freedoms of the people.

The state government consists of three separate branches: judicial, executive, and legislative. The legislature enacts bills, which, if signed by the, become.

The comprises the, which has 40 members, and the, which has 120 members. The current Governor of Florida is. The consists of a Chief Justice and six Justices. Florida has 67. Some reference materials may show only 66 because is consolidated with the. There are 379 cities in Florida (out of 411) that report regularly to the Florida Department of Revenue, but there are other incorporated municipalities that do not. The state government's primary source of revenue is sales tax.

Florida does not impose a personal. The primary revenue source for cities and counties is property tax; unpaid taxes are subject to which are held (at the county level) in May and (due to the extensive use of online bidding sites) are highly popular. There were 800 convictions from 1988 to 2007, more than any other state. Elections history. Further information:,, and Florida registered voters as of December 31, 2016 Party Number of Voters Percentage 4,905,705 37.85% 4,575,277 35.31% Minor Parties 347,288 2.68% 3,130,915 24.16% Total 12,959,185 100% From 1952 to 1964, most voters were registered Democrats, but the state voted for the Republican presidential candidate in every election except for. The following year, Congress passed and President signed the, providing for oversight of state practices and enforcement of constitutional voting rights for African Americans and other minorities in order to prevent the discrimination and disenfranchisement that had excluded most of them for decades from the political process. From the 1930s through much of the 1960s, Florida was essentially a one-party state dominated by white conservative Democrats, who together with other Democrats of the Solid South, exercised considerable control in Congress.

They have gained slightly less federal money from national programs than they have paid in taxes. Since the 1970s, conservative white voters in the state have largely shifted from the Democratic to the Republican Party. Though the majority of registered voters in Florida are Democrats. It has continued to support Republican presidential candidates through the 20th century, except in and, when the Democratic nominee was from the. In the and presidential elections, carried the state as a northern Democrat, attracting high voter turnout especially among the young, Independents, and minority voters, of whom comprise an increasingly large proportion.

2008 marked the first time since 1932, when carried the state, that Florida was carried by a Northern Democrat for president. The first post- Republican elected to Congress from Florida was in 1954 from Pinellas County on the Gulf Coast, where demographic changes were underway.

In this period, African Americans were still by the state's constitution and discriminatory practices; in the 19th century they had made up most of the Republican Party. Cramer built a different Republican Party in Florida, attracting local white conservatives and transplants from northern and midwestern states. In 1966 was elected as the first post-Reconstruction Republican governor, in an upset election. In 1968, also a white conservative, was elected as the state's first post-reconstruction Republican US Senator. In 1970 Democrats took the governorship and the open US Senate seat, and maintained dominance for years.

Since the mid-20th century, Florida has been considered a, voting for 13 successful presidential candidates since 1952. It voted for the loser only three times. Of the popular vote by county, 2016 presidential election. In 2000, won the by a margin of 271–266 in the.

Of the 271 electoral votes for Bush, 25 were cast by electors from Florida. The Florida results were contested and a recount was ordered by the court, with the results settled in a court decision.

Reapportionment following the gave the state two more seats in the House of Representatives. The legislature's redistricting, announced in 2012, was quickly challenged in court, on the grounds that it had unfairly benefited Republican interests. In 2015, the Florida Supreme Court ruled on appeal that the congressional districts had to be redrawn because of the legislature's violation of the Fair District Amendments to the state constitution passed in 2010; it accepted a new map in early December 2015. The political make-up of congressional and legislative districts has enabled Republicans to control the governorship and most statewide elective offices, and 17 of the state's 27 seats in the 2012. Florida has been listed as a in Presidential elections since 1950, voting for the losing candidate once in that period of time. In the closely contested, the state played a pivotal role.

Out of more than 5.8 million votes for the two main contenders Bush and, around 500 votes separated the two candidates for the all-decisive Florida electoral votes that landed Bush the election win. Florida's law is more severe than most European nations or other American states. A 2002 study in the concluded that 'if the state's 827,000 disenfranchised felons had voted at the same rate as other Floridians, Democratic candidate Al Gore would have won Florida—and the presidency—by more than 80,000 votes.' In 2008, delegates of both the and were stripped of half of their votes when the conventions met in August due to violation of both parties' national rules. In the 2010 elections, Republicans solidified their dominance statewide, by winning the governor's mansion, and maintaining firm majorities in both houses of the state legislature.

They won four previously Democratic-held seats to create a 19–6 Republican-majority delegation representing Florida in the federal House of Representatives. In 2010, more than 63% of state voters approved the initiated Amendments 5 and 6 to the state constitution, to ensure more fairness in districting.

These have become known as the Fair District Amendments. As a result of the, Florida gained two House of Representative seats in 2012.

The legislature issued revised congressional districts in 2012, which were immediately challenged in court by supporters of the above amendments. The court ruled in 2014, after lengthy testimony, that at least two districts had to be redrawn because of gerrymandering. After this was appealed, in July 2015 the Florida Supreme Court ruled that lawmakers had followed an illegal and unconstitutional process overly influenced by party operatives, and ruled that at least eight districts had to be redrawn. On December 2, 2015, a 5–2 majority of the Court accepted a new map of congressional districts, some of which was drawn by challengers. Their ruling affirmed the map previously approved by Judge Terry Lewis, who had overseen the original trial. It particularly makes changes in South Florida. There are likely to be additional challenges to the map and districts.

According to, the effect of Florida's felony disenfranchisement law is such that in 2014, '[m]ore than one in ten Floridians – and nearly one in four African-American Floridians – are [were] shut out of the polls because of felony convictions,' although they had completed sentences and parole/probation requirements. Further information: and Florida was ranked the fifth-most dangerous state in 2009. Ranking was based on the record of serious felonies committed in 2008. The state was the sixth highest state in 2010. It ranked first in mortgage fraud in 2009.

In 2009, 44% of highway fatalities involved alcohol. Florida is one of seven states that prohibit the. This law was passed in 1987. According to the Federal Trade Commission, Florida has the highest per capita rate of both reported fraud and other types of complaints including identity theft complaints. The in Miami contains the largest concentration of international banks in the United States. In the twentieth century, tourism, industry, construction, international banking, biomedical and life sciences, healthcare research, simulation training, aerospace and defense, and commercial space travel have contributed to the state's economic development. [ ] The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Florida in 2016 was $926 billion.

Its GDP is the economy in the United States. In 2010, it became the fourth largest exporter of trade goods. The major contributors to the state's gross output in 2007 were general services, financial services, trade, transportation and public utilities, manufacturing and construction respectively. In 2010–11, the state budget was $70.5 billion, having reached a high of $73.8 billion in 2006–07. Chief Executive Magazine name Florida the third 'Best State for Business' in 2011. The economy is driven almost entirely by its nineteen metropolitan areas.

In 2004, they had a combined total of 95.7% of the state's domestic product. Personal income. See also: In 2011, Florida's was $39,563, ranking 27th in the nation.

In February 2011, the state's unemployment rate was 11.5%. Florida is one of seven states that do not impose a personal. Florida's constitution establishes a state that is adjusted for inflation annually. As of January 1, 2017, Florida's minimum wage was $5.08 for tipped positions, and $8.10 for non-tipped positions, which was higher than the federal rate of $7.25. Florida has 4 cities in the top 25 cities in the U.S.

With the most credit card debt. The state also had the second-highest credit card delinquency rate, with 1.45% of cardholders in the state more than 90 days delinquent on one or more credit cards. There were 2.4 million Floridians living in poverty in 2008. 18.4% of children 18 and younger were living in poverty. Miami is the sixth poorest big city in the United States. In 2010, over 2.5 million Floridians were on food stamps, up from 1.2 million in 2007.

To qualify, Floridians must make less than 133% of the federal poverty level, which would be under $29,000 for a family of four. Real estate In the early 20th century, land speculators discovered Florida, and businessmen such as and developed railroad systems, which led people to move in, drawn by the weather and local economies. From then on, tourism boomed, fueling a cycle of development that overwhelmed a great deal of farmland. Due to the huge payouts by the insurance industry as a result of the hurricane claims of 2004, homeowners insurance has risen 40% to 60% and deductibles have risen. At the end of the third quarter in 2008, Florida had the highest mortgage delinquency rate in the U.S., with 7.8% of mortgages delinquent at least 60 days. A 2009 list of national housing markets that were hard hit in the real estate crash included a disproportionate number in Florida. The early 21st-century building boom left Florida with 300,000 vacant homes in 2009, according to state figures.

In 2009, the US Census Bureau estimated that Floridians spent an average 49.1% of personal income on housing-related costs, the third highest percentage in the U.S. In the third quarter of 2009, there were 278,189 delinquent loans, 80,327 foreclosures. Sales of existing homes for February 2010 was 11,890, up 21% from the same month in 2009.

Only two metropolitan areas showed a decrease in homes sold: and. The average sales price for an existing house was $131,000, 7% decrease from the prior year. [ – ] Tourism.

—,, 2017 Tourism makes up one of the largest sectors of the state economy, with nearly 1.4 million people employed in the tourism industry in 2016 (a record for the state, surpassing the 1.2 million employment from 2015). In 2015, Florida broke the 100-million visitor mark for the first time in state history by hosting a record 105 million visitors and broke that record in 2016 with 112.8 million tourists; Florida has set tourism records for six consecutive years. Many beach towns are popular tourist destinations, particularly during winter and. Twenty-three million tourists visited Florida beaches in 2000, spending $22 billion. The public has a right to beach access under the, but some areas have access effectively blocked by private owners for a long distance., especially in the area, make up a significant portion of tourism.

The is the most visited vacation resort in the world with over 50 million annual visitors, consisting of four, 27 themed, 9 non–Disney hotels, two, four and other recreational venues. Other major theme parks in the area include, and.

Agriculture and fishing. Florida oranges Agriculture is the second largest industry in the state. Citrus fruit, especially oranges, are a major part of the economy, and Florida produces the majority of citrus fruit grown in the United States.

In 2006, 67% of all citrus, 74% of oranges, 58% of tangerines, and 54% of grapefruit were grown in Florida. About 95% of commercial orange production in the state is destined for processing (mostly as orange juice, the official ).

Continues to be an issue of concern. From 1997 to 2013, the growing of citrus trees has declined 25%, from 600,000 acres (240,000 ha) to 450,000 acres (180,000 ha).

Disease is incurable. A study states that it has caused the loss of $4.5 billion between 2006 and 2012. As of 2014, it was the major agricultural concern. Other products include sugarcane,, and. The state is the largest producer of and for the U.S. The Everglades Agricultural Area is a major center for agriculture. The environmental impact of agriculture, especially, is a major issue in Florida today.

In 2009, fishing was a $6 billion industry, employing 60,000 jobs for sports and commercial purposes. The has the second-largest concentration of medical and research facilities in the United States.

Florida is the leading state for sales of. Boats sales totaled $1.96 billion in 2013. Mining, concentrated in the, is the state's third-largest industry. The state produces about 75% of the phosphate required by farmers in the United States and 25% of the world supply, with about 95% used for agriculture (90% for fertilizer and 5% for livestock feed supplements) and 5% used for other products.

After the watershed events of in 1992, the state of Florida began investing in economic development through the Office of Trade, Tourism, and Economic Development. Governor realized that watershed events such as Andrew negatively impacted Florida's backbone industry of tourism severely. The office was directed to target Medical/Bio-Sciences among others. Three years later, The (TSRI) announced it had chosen Florida for its newest expansion. In 2003, TSRI announced plans to establish a major science center in Palm Beach, a 364,000 square feet (33,800 m 2) facility on 100 acres (40 ha), which TSRI planned to occupy in 2006. Government Since the development of the federal on Cape Canaveral (most notably Kennedy Space Center) in 1962, Florida has developed a sizable.

Another major economic engine in Florida is the. There are 24 military bases in the state, housing three; in Tampa, in, and in Tampa. Some 109,390 U.S. Military personnel stationed in Florida, contributing, directly and indirectly, $52 billion a year to the state's economy. In 2009, there were 89,706 federal workers employed within the state. Tens of thousands more employees work for contractors who have federal contracts, including those with the military.

In 2012, government of all levels was a top employer in all counties in the state, because this classification includes public school teachers and other school staff. School boards employ nearly 1 of every 30 workers in the state.

The federal military was the top employer in three counties. Health There were 2.7 million patients in Florida in 2009. The governor has proposed adding $2.6 billion to care for the expected 300,000 additional patients in 2011. The cost of caring for 2.3 million clients in 2010 was $18.8 billion. This is nearly 30% of Florida's budget. Medicaid paid for 60% of all births in Florida in 2009.

The state has a for those not covered by Medicaid. In 2013, Florida refused to participate in providing coverage for the uninsured under the, popularly called Obamacare.

The Florida legislature also refused to accept additional Federal funding for Medicaid, although this would have helped its constituents at no cost to the state. As a result, Florida is second only to Texas in the percentage of its citizens without health insurance. Built during the 1920s–1930s. Florida has the largest collection of and buildings in both the United States and the entire world, most of which are located in the, especially 's, constructed as the city was becoming a resort destination. A unique architectural design found only in Florida is the post-World War II, which can be seen in areas such as 's. Being of early importance as a regional center of banking and finance, the displays a wide variety of styles and design principles.

Many of state's earliest skyscrapers were constructed in Jacksonville, dating as far back as 1902, and last holding a state height record from 1974 to 1981. The city is endowed with one of the largest collections of buildings outside of the Midwest. Jacksonville is also noteworthy for its collection of architecture. Some sections of the state feature architectural styles including,, and. A notable collection of these styles can be found in, the oldest continuously occupied European-established settlement within the borders of the United States.

Main article: Primary and secondary education Florida's primary and secondary school systems are administered by the. School districts are organized within county boundaries.

Each school district has an elected that sets policy, budget, goals, and approves expenditures. Management is the responsibility of a. The is required by law to train educators in teaching (ESOL). Universities The was founded in 1905, and is governed by the. During the 2010 academic year, 312,216 students attended one of these twelve universities. The comprises 28 public community and state colleges. In 2011–12, enrollment consisted of more than 875,000 students.

As of 2017 the, with over 64,000 students, is the in the United States. Florida's first private university,, was founded in 1883. The is an association of 28 private, educational institutions in the state. This Association reported that their member institutions served over 121,000 students in the fall of 2006. In 2016, Florida charged the second lowest tuition in the nation for four years, $26,000 for in-state students, to $86,000 for out-of-state students. This compares with an average of 34,800 nationally for in-state students. Further information: Florida's highway system contains 1,473 mi (2,371 km) of interstate highway, and 9,934 mi (15,987 km) of non-interstate highway, such as state highways and U.S.

Florida's,, and are maintained by the. In 2011, there were about 9,000 in the state. Floridians consume 21 million gallons of gasoline daily, ranking it third in national use. Motorists have the 45th lowest rate of car insurance in the U.S. 24% are uninsured.

Drivers between 15 and 19 years of age averaged 364 car crashes a year per ten thousand licensed Florida drivers in 2010. Drivers 70 and older averaged 95 per 10,000 during the same time frame.

A spokesperson for the non-profit said that 'Older drivers are more of a threat to themselves.' Before the construction of routes under the, Florida began construction of a long cross-state,.

The first section, from south to the was completed in 1957. After a second section north through Orlando to (near present-day ), and a around Miami to, it was finished in 1974. Florida's primary interstate routes include: •, which spans 133 miles, bisects the state, connecting,,, and, connecting with in Tampa and I-95 in Daytona Beach.

•, which spans 362 miles in Florida, traverses the, connecting,,, and, with interchanges with I-75 in Lake City and I-95 in Jacksonville. It is the southernmost interstate in the United States terminating in with a total length of 2460 miles. •, which spans 470 miles in Florida, enters the state near Lake City (45 miles (72 km) west of ) and continues southward through,, Tampa's eastern suburbs,,, and, where it crosses the ' as a to before turning southward and terminating in / having interchanges with I-10 in Lake City and I-4 in Tampa.

It is the second longest north south interstate with a total length of 1786 miles and terminates at the Canadian border. •, which spans 382 miles in Florida, enters the state near Jacksonville and continues along the Atlantic Coast through Daytona Beach, the,,,,,,, and, before terminating in, with interchanges with I-10 in Jacksonville and I-4 in Daytona Beach. There are four auxiliary routes associated with the interstate. It is the longest north south interstate with a total length of 1924 miles and terminates at the Canadian border northeast of. Garmin Bluechart Atlantic Keygen Crack there. Serves most major cities in Florida.

This serves Amtrak and service. Florida is served by, operating numerous lines throughout, connecting the state's largest cities to points north in the United States and Canada.

The busiest Amtrak train stations in Florida in 2011 were: (259,944), (179,142), (140,785), (94,556), and (74,733)., in, is the southern terminus of the, which originates at, south of Washington, D.C. Until 2005, Orlando was also the eastern terminus of the, which travels across the southern United States via,, and to its western terminus of Los Angeles. Florida is served by two additional Amtrak trains (the and the ), which operate between New York City and Miami., the city's,,, and hub, is under construction.

The was preparing to build a between, and. This was to be the first phase of the system.

Soil work began in July 2010 and construction of the line was slated to begin in 2011, with the initial Tampa-Orlando phase completed by 2014. The second phase, would have extended the line to Miami. Governor Scott, however, refused federal funds and the project has been canceled.

Is a proposed higher-speed rail service that would run between and at speeds up to 125 mph. Its Miami to portion is scheduled to open in 2016, with the final segment to Orlando opening in 2017. Public transit. Further information: • Miami: Miami's public transportation is served by that runs, a system,, a train system in, and, Miami's bus system. Metrorail runs throughout and has two lines and 23 stations connecting to Downtown Miami's Metromover and. Metromover has three lines and 21 stations throughout. Outside of Miami-Dade County, public transit in the is served by and; intercounty service is provided by, with 18 stations including the region's three international airports.

• Orlando: Orlando is served by the commuter train, which runs on a 32 miles (51 km) (61 miles (98 km) when complete) line including four stops in downtown. Serves the greater Orlando area in,, and counties. • Tampa: Tampa and its surrounding area use the system ('HART').

In addition, downtown Tampa has continuous trolley services in the form of a powered. Pinellas County and St. Petersburg provide similar services through the or 'PSTA'. The beaches of also have a continuous trolley bus. Petersburg has a trolley system. • Jacksonville: Jacksonville is served by the, an automated people mover connecting the downtown campus, the Northbank central business district, Convention Center, and Southbank locations. The system includes 8 stops connected by two lines.

Bus has 180 vehicles with 56 lines. Largest public transit systems in Florida (2012) Rank City Weekday passenger ridership Population served% of population on transit Modes of transit 1 367,000 2,554,776 14.4%,, & Metrobus 2 147,718 1,748,066 8.5% (commuter rail) & 3 97,000 2,134,411 4.4% & 4 50,500 125,326 40.3% 5 50,400 1,229,226 4.1% & 6 45,100 1,320,134 3.4% (commuter rail) & (bus) 7 42,500 916,542 4.6% 8 41,500 821,784 5.0% & (people mover) 9 22,400 181,376 12.4% Sports. Is home to various auto racing events Florida has three teams, two teams, two teams, two teams, and one team. Florida gained its first permanent major-league professional sports team in 1966 when the added the. The state of Florida has given professional sports franchises some subsidies in the form of tax breaks since 1991. About half of all teams conduct in the state, with teams informally organized into the '.

Throughout MLB history, other teams have held spring training in Florida. (headquartered in ) begins all three of its major auto racing series in Florida at in February, featuring the, and ends all three Series in November. Daytona also has the NASCAR race weekend around in July.

The is one of the world's most prestigious endurance auto races. The and have held races as well. Florida is a major golf hub. The is headquartered in, the is headquartered in, and the is headquartered in Daytona Beach.,,, and are rounds. The is an and tennis event, whereas the is an event. Minor league baseball,, basketball,, soccer and teams are based in Florida. Three of the 's teams are in Florida.

Florida's universities have a number of programs, especially the and of the, and the of the. Florida major league professional sports teams Team League Venue Location Championships Miami Gardens 2 (, ) Miami 3 (,, ) Miami 2 (, ) 0 National Football League Tampa 1 () Major League Baseball St. Petersburg 0 National Hockey League Tampa 1 () National Basketball Association Orlando 0 Orlando 0 National Football League Jacksonville 0 Sister states Sister jurisdiction Country Year France 1989 1992 Japan 1995 South Africa 1995 1999 2000.

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